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  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Motorcycle traffic in Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) Vietnam. Vietnam's recent economic expansion has led to prosperity not seen since the US  war in Vietnam in the 1960s and when most people once got around on bicycles, now many are buying motorcycles and scooters. This has led to increased pollution and constant traffic jams. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam2001.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women pray in Notre Dame Cathedral in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam. Vietnam has the second largest population of Catholics in southeast Asia. Religion was barely tolerated for years by the communist government but as more tourists flock to Vietnam and the economy has flourished, restrictions on the practice of religion have been loosened.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam014.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Different grades of rice for sale in the market in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam. Rice is a staple in many southeast Asian countries and as prices have skyrocketed some countries (including Vietnam) have restricted exports of rice so they can be sure of meeting their domestic needs.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam010.jpg
  • 08 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: A family on a motorscooter in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. HCMC is still widely known as Saigon. Rapid economic development in southern Vietnam has allowed many people who used to rely on bicycles for transportation to upgrade to motorscooters and motorcycles.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam004.jpg
  • 08 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Buddhist nuns on motorscooters leave a temple in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. HCMC is still widely known as Saigon. Rapid economic development in southern Vietnam has allowed many people who used to rely on bicycles for transportation to upgrade to motorscooters and motorcycles.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam002.jpg
  • 08 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Motorcycle traffic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. HCMC is still widely known as Saigon. Many people wear face masks because of the air pollution in Ho Chi Minh City. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam001.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women in the main market in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam clean shrimp and sort shrimp before putting them on sale. Many people in developing countries, like Vietnam, shop everyday for fresh food because many families don't have the large refrigerators families in the US do. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam009.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Men play board games in front of a cigarette stand on a sidewalk in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam013.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Men play board games in front of a cigarette stand on a sidewalk in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam012.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: School boys in their elementary school uniforms walk down a street in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam008.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women chop green onions in front of a restaurant in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam007.jpg
  • 08 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Couples gather in front of a wedding chapel in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. HCMC is still widely known as Saigon. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam005.jpg
  • 08 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Men on a sidewalk play a board game while a friend leans against a motorcycle in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. HCMC is still widely known as Saigon. PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam003.jpg
  • 10 MARCH 2006 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM: A woman collects rice in a field in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam. The rice was harvested months ago and the woman came back to go through the field a final time to look for rice she could sell for extra money for her family.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam016.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: A vegetable stand with bell peppers, broccoli, cauliflower, asparagus and cucumbers. Many people in developing countries, like Vietnam, shop everyday for fresh food because many families don't have the large refrigerators families in the US do.  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam011.jpg
  • 09 MARCH 2006 - HOP CHI MINH CITY, VIETAM: A woman and her child on a motorscooter buy refreshments from a woman on a bicycle in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Vietnam. Many Vietnames eat "on the run," buying food from street vendors. People in HCMC frequently wear face masks because of pollution in the city.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Vietnam006.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11008.jpg
  • 06 APRIL 2012 - HAI PHONG, VIETNAM: A Vietnamese boy plays with a passenger's iPhone on the return leg of the Hanoi to Hai Phong Express. Apple products and Steve Jobs have achieved cult like status in Vietnam and iPhones and iPads are widely available throughout the country. iPhones are sold side by side with Android phones but Vietnamese consumers overwhelmingly prefer the Apple products. The Hanoi to Hai Phong Express Train runs several times a day between Long Bien Station in Hanoi and the Hai Phong Station. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and Hai Phong is the 4th largest city in Vietnam. Hai Phong is the principal industrial port in the northern part of Vietnam. It was heavily bombed and mined during the American War (what Americans call the Vietnam War).   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiHaiPhongExpress027.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A musician leads performs during noon prayers at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai043.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai033.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai032.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai031.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai029.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai028.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai027.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai024.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai023.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai clergy, in brightly colored robes, lead adherents into the prayer hall during the noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai022.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai020.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai019.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The main entrance of the Cao Dai prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai018.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai017.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai014.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent walks past the main hall on the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai043.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai013.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai040.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Cao Dai adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai039.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   The all seeing eye in the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai011.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai010.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A woman prays during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai037.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A Cao Dai adherent prays in the main hall of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai007.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A tower on the campus of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai006.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The all seeing eye in the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    Photo by Jack Kurtz / ZUMA Press  PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai005.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai004.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai003.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Construction of a new office tower with a helicopter landing pad behind a colonial era building in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam, one of the last communist countries in the world, is in the midst of a building boom and capitalist expansion, making it one of the Asian "tigers." Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11016.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Construction of a new office tower with a helicopter landing pad behind a colonial era building in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam, one of the last communist countries in the world, is in the midst of a building boom and capitalist expansion, making it one of the Asian "tigers." Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11015.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11009.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11007.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11006.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11005.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11004.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11003.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11002.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Women exercise in a dance class in a small park in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It's not unusual to see many older people working out and exercising in parks in Vietnam early in the morning. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11001.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:    A tower on the campus of the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai001.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A woman prays during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai035.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai034.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai030.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai026.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai025.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent sits in the shade before the noon prayer service at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai021.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai016.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai015.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   A Cao Dai adherent watchs the main entrance of the prayer hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai042.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Cao Dai clergy, in colored robes, and adherents, in white, during noon services at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai041.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Women in the Cao Dai wait for noon prayers to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai012.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:   The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai038.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai009.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  A musician leads performs during noon prayers at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai036.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  Men who are members of the Cao Dai wait for noon prayer services to start at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai008.jpg
  • 29 MARCH 2012 - TAY NINH, VIETNAM:  The front of the main worship hall at the Cao Dai Holy See in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. Cao Dai (also Caodaiism) is a syncretistic, monotheistic religion, officially established in the city of Tây Ninh, southern Vietnam in 1926. Cao means "high" and "Dai" means "dais" (as in a platform or altar raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it). Estimates of Cao Dai adherents in Vietnam vary, but most sources give two to three million, but there may be up to six million. An additional 30,000 Vietnamese exiles, in the United States, Europe, and Australia are Cao Dai followers. During the Vietnam's wars from 1945-1975, members of Cao Dai were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam. Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Dai. In 1997, the Cao Dai was granted legal recognition. Cao Dai's pantheon of saints includes such diverse figures as the Buddha, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Muhammad, Pericles, Julius Caesar, Joan of Arc, Victor Hugo, and the Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen. These are honored at Cao Dai temples, along with ancestors.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CaoDai002.jpg
  • 27 MARCH 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Vietnamese pray in the Mariamman Hindu Temple in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The temple was built by Indian migrants who came to Vietnam (then Indochina) in the 19th century. The Indian migrants established themselves as the city's bankers and money changers. Most fled during Vietnam's 25+ years of war from the 1950's to 1975. Ho Chi Minh City, which used to be known as Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the commercial hub of southern Vietnam.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    ScenesOfSaigon003.jpg
  • 27 MARCH 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Vietnamese pray in the Mariamman Hindu Temple in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The temple was built by Indian migrants who came to Vietnam (then Indochina) in the 19th century. The Indian migrants established themselves as the city's bankers and money changers. Most fled during Vietnam's 25+ years of war from the 1950's to 1975. Ho Chi Minh City, which used to be known as Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the commercial hub of southern Vietnam.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    ScenesOfSaigon002.jpg
  • 27 MARCH 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  A statue of the Hindu deity Birman in the Mariamman Hindu Temple in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The temple was built by Indian migrants who came to Vietnam (then Indochina) in the 19th century. The Indian migrants established themselves as the city's bankers and money changers. Most fled during Vietnam's 25+ years of war from the 1950's to 1975. Ho Chi Minh City, which used to be known as Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the commercial hub of southern Vietnam.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    ScenesOfSaigon001.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11032.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11030.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11027.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  A man pours oil over a diety at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11026.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11025.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11023.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  People pray and burn incense at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11020.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  Flowers at the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11018.jpg
  • 11 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  The entry way of the Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was built in 1909 by a Cantonese (Quang Dong) Congregation. It is one of the most colourful pagodas in HCMC, filled with statues of phantasmal divinities and grotesque heroes. Smoke of burning joss sticks fills the air, obscuring the exquisite woodcarvings decorated with gilded Chinese characters. The roof is covered with elaborate tile work, while the statues, which represent characters from both the Buddhist and Taoist traditions, are made of reinforced papier-mâché. The pagoda is dedicated to the Emperor of Jade, the supreme Taoist god. Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, is the largest city in Vietnam and the country's commercial center. It was the capital of South Vietnam before the reunification in 1975 and still shows more signs of American influence than northern Vietnam does.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HoChiMinhCity11017.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   People pray in the square in front of St. Joseph Cathedral after Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster028.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   People pray in the square in front of St. Joseph Cathedral after Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster027.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   People pray in the square in front of St. Joseph Cathedral after Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster026.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   People pray in the square in front of St. Joseph Cathedral after Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster024.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:    Women pray outside the Cathedral during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster022.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:     Priests and Deacons give Holy Communion during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster020.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   A woman prays after receiving Holy Communion during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster019.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   Priests and Deacons give Holy Communion during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster018.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   Priests and Deacons give Holy Communion during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster017.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   Priests and Deacons give Holy Communion during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster015.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:    Women pray during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster014.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:  Women pray during Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.      PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster013.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:     Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster012.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:     Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster011.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:     Easter Sunday mass in St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster010.jpg
  • 08 APRIL 2012 - HANOI, VIETNAM:   The front of St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi, Vietnam. St. Joseph Cathedral in Hanoi is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi and is one of the most important Catholic churches in Vietnam. It was built in 1886 and is especially crowded on religious holidays, like Easter. The church holds three Easter masses on Easter Sunday morning. There are more than 5.6 million Roman Catholics in Vietnam, nearly 7% of the population. Catholicism came to what is now Vietnam with Portuguese missionaries in the 16th Century, but it wasn't until the arrival of French missionaries and later colonial authorities that Catholicism became a part of Vietnamese religious life.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    HanoiEaster007.jpg
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Jack Kurtz, Photojournalist & Travel Photographer

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