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  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Burmese teenagers move barrels of fish in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor022.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Burmese teenagers move barrels of fish in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor021.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Burmese man who crews a Thai fishing trawler relaxes in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor020.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Burmese man who crews a Thai fishing trawler relaxes in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor014.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:   Burmese men who crew a Thai fishing trawler relax in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor006.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: An immigrant worker from Myanmar (Burma) in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. The woman has "thanka' powder on her face, which Burmese use as sunscreen. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor002.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:   Immigrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) and Cambodia sort and grade fish in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor001.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Burmese workers leave the fish sorting area at the end of their shift in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.   There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor028.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Burmese workers leave the fish sorting area at the end of their shift in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.   There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor027.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Cambodian worker sorts and grades fish while her daughter sits nearby in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor026.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Cambodian worker sorts and grades fish while her daughter sits nearby in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor025.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor024.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor023.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor019.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor018.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor017.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: A Burmese migrant worker in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor016.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Burmese man who crews a Thai fishing trawler relaxes in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor015.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  A Burmese man who crews a Thai fishing trawler relaxes in the port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor013.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Immigrant workers in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor012.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Immigrant workers in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor011.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Immigrant workers in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor010.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Immigrant workers in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor009.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND: Fresh caught fish in the port of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor008.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:  Immigrant workers in the Thai fishing port of Pattani. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions. There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor007.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:   Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor005.jpg
  • 30 OCTOBER 2012 - PATTANI, PATTANI, THAILAND:   Cambodian workers sort and grade fish in the fishing port of Pattani, province of Pattani, Thailand. Thailand's fishing industry relies on immigrant workers, mostly from Myanmar but also Laos and Cambodia. There have been allegations of worker abuse, including charges that workers are held in slave labor like conditions.  There are hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers in the Thai fishing industry. Most are from Myanmar (Burma) but there are also Cambodian and Laotian workers in the industry.    PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    PattaniFishingImmigrantLabor004.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A Burmese migrant laborer at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai cleans squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115002.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A Burmese migrant laborer at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai cleans squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115001.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  A Burmese migrant laborer relaxes during a break at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115003.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A man collects sea water to use to make salt in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba001.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Vendors read a newspaper in a neighborhood in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.             PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity044.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:  Vendors unpack a delivery at a clothing shop in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity042.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Overview of an interior aisle in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity039.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:   A porter makes a delivery in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity010.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM:   A porter makes a delivery in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity004.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A man carries sea water to his salt making area on the beach in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba004.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A man collects sea water to use to make salt in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba003.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A man collects sea water to use to make salt in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba002.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115020.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market unload a truck full of farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115018.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115014.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: Burmese migrant workers at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115004.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Merchants buy and sell bananas on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014103.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. They unload the coconuts by throwing each coconut from the boat to a waiting truck on the shore. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014095.jpg
  • 15 MARCH 2013 - LUANG PRABANG, LAOS: Construction work at a series of river catchments and reservoirs north of Luang Prabang, Laos. Much of the labor is done by hand without conventional safety tools like gloves or boots or hard hats.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    ScenesOfLaos080.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Vendors read a newspaper in a neighborhood in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.             PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity043.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: Overview of an interior aisle in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.     PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity041.jpg
  • 12 APRIL 2012 - HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM: A vendor sets up his shop in Binh Tay Market. The market is warren of narrow halls and alleys and steep staircases and still relies on manual labor to move goods. Binh Tay market is the largest market in Ho Chi Minh City and is the central market of Cholon. Cholon is the Chinese-influenced section of Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon). It is the largest "Chinatown" in Vietnam. Cholon consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6. The Vietnamese name Cholon literally means "big" (lon) "market" (cho). Incorporated in 1879 as a city 11 km from central Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, French colonial authorities merged the two cities to form Saigon-Cholon. In 1956, "Cholon" was dropped from the name and the city became known as Saigon. During the Vietnam War (called the American War by the Vietnamese), soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market in Cholon, trading in various American and especially U.S Army-issue items.            PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    CholonHoChiMinhCity040.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A salt maker in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba006.jpg
  • 20 JULY 2016  - KUSAMBA, BALI, INDONESIA: A man sprinkles sea water in his salt making area on the beach in Kusamba. Salt makers in Kusamba, on the Bali coast, make salt by sprinkling sea water on a bed of sand and scraping up the salt when the water evaporates. It's a very slow, labor intensive way of making salt.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    SaltMakersKusamba005.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  A Burmese migrant worker on the balcony of his apartment in Mahachai. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115030.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  A tenement building used to house Burmese migrant workers in Mahachai. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115029.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A Burmese migrant worker eats his lunch during a break at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market in Mahachai. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115028.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115027.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115026.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers who work in a florist shop package flowers in Samut Sakhon. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115025.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers who work in a florist shop package flowers in Samut Sakhon. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115024.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers who work in a florist shop package flowers in Samut Sakhon. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115023.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115022.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market unload a truck full of farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115019.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A Burmese migrant worker at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market sorts farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115017.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115016.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115015.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115013.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115012.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Samut Sakhon shrimp market clean and process farm raised shrimp. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115011.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115010.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115009.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115008.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND:  Burmese migrant workers at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai clean squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.       PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115007.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A detail of a Burmese migrant worker at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai cleaning squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115006.jpg
  • 11 JUNE 2015 - MAHACHAI, SAMUT SAKHON, THAILAND: A detail of a Burmese migrant worker at the Talay Thai market in Mahachai cleaning squid. Labor activists say there are about 200,000 migrant workers from Myanmar (Burma) employed in the fishing and seafood industry in Mahachai, a fishing port about an hour southwest of Bangkok. Since 2014, Thailand has been a Tier 3 country on the US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (TIPS). Tier 3 is the worst ranking, being a Tier 3 country on the list can lead to sanctions. Tier 3 countries are "Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so." After being placed on the Tier 3 list, the Thai government cracked down on human trafficking and has taken steps to improve its ranking on the list. The 2015 TIPS report should be released in about two weeks. Thailand is hoping that its efforts will get it removed from Tier 3 status and promoted to Tier 2 status.        PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    BurmeseMigrantWorkers061115005.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Stevedores offload 110 pound (50 kilo) sacks of fish meal from a river freighter on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014116.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Stevedores offload 110 pound (50 kilo) sacks of fish meal from a river freighter on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014115.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   A porter unloads coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014114.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Stevedores wait to go to work offloading 110 pound (50 kilo) sacks of fish meal from a river freighter on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014113.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   A crewman on a banana boat holds up a stalk of bananas. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014112.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   A banana boat comes to the jetty in Yangon. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014111.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   A banana boat comes to the jetty in Yangon. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014110.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014109.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014108.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014107.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014106.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   A small banana boat comes into shore at that banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014105.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Merchants buy and sell bananas on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014104.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014102.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014101.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014100.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014099.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014098.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload bananas from a river boat at the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014097.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. They unload the coconuts by throwing each coconut from the boat to a waiting truck on the shore. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014096.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Unloading bananas on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014094.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Unloading bananas on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014093.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014092.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014091.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014090.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014089.jpg
  • 10 JUNE 2014 - YANGON, MYANMAR:   Porters unload coconuts from a riverboat on the banana jetty. The "banana jetty" is on the Yangon River north of central Yangon on Strand Road. Bananas, coconuts and other fruit are brought in here from upcountry, sold and reshipped to other parts of Myanmar (Burma). All of the labor here is done by hand. Porters carry the produce to the jetty and porters load the boats before they steam upriver.   PHOTO BY JACK KURTZ
    Yangon2014088.jpg
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Jack Kurtz, Photojournalist & Travel Photographer

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